The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 Essay examples -- The Crucible Art

The capital of Oregon Witchcraft Trials of 1692 The Salem witchcraft trials of 1692, which resulted in 19 executions, and 150 accusations ofwitchcraft, ar one of the historical events most everyone has heard of. They began when threeyoung girls, Betty Parris, Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam began to have hysterical fits, after beingdiscovered engaging in forbidden fortune-telling (not dancing naked in the woods) to watch what miscellanysof men they would marry. Bettys father, the Reverend Samuel Parris, called in more seniorauthorities to determine if the girls affliction was caused by witchcraft. Although Betty was sent awayfairly soon, and did not participate in the trials, the other girls were joined by other young and maturewomen in staging public demonstrations of their affliction when in the presence of criminate witches.The events in Salem have been used as a theme in many literary works, including the play by Arthurmilling machine which we are going to read during this un it. They are interesting to anthropologists becausethey display some of the characteristics of village witchcraft and some of the features of theEuropean witch craze. Many commentators have seen the Salem witch craze as the wear outbreak ofthe European witch craze, transported to North America. As in African and New Guinea villages, theoriginal accusations in Salem were made against people who, in one way or another, the accusershad reason to fear or resent. Moreover, the first few of the accused fit the definition of marginalpersons, likely to arouse suspicion. However, as in Europe, the accusations spread, and came toencompass people not involved in any of Salems local grudges. As in Europe there was a belief thatthe accused were in league with the Devil and experts employed scientific ways of diagnosingwitchcraft. Interestingly, during the colonial period in Africa, shortly after World War II, there were a number ofwitch finding movements in Africa, which resembled the Salem ep isode in some ways, and had asimilar status in between the sort of witch hunt found in Europe and the typical African pattern.Typically, in these movements, witch finders would come in from outside a village and subscribe to beable to rid the village of witchcraft. At this period there was great dislocation, with people movingaround because of government employment, a... ...er trusted them. This was likely to be a moreacute problem in the U.S., since the people who were named by those who cooperated with theCommittee werent hanged and put out of the way, just fired and left to try to postulate the resistance toMcCarthyism. Namers of names sometimes found themselves with no friends at all, sinceanti-Communists often still failed to trust them. The issue of resisting collaboration with the witchhunters was important enough to Miller that he altered history, and portrayed the trials as stoppingwhen more people refused to confess when, in fact, a significant increase in confessions p robablyserved to tender some doubt on the validity of individual confessions.Taking liberties with the text is one of the characteristics of the interaction between humans and theirmyths. And a learn myth is for certain what the witch hunts in Europe and Salem have become,though they have more basis in fact than most myths. The stories of the witch hunts are charter mythsfor our time, to be told by feminists, left-wing intellectuals, and lawyers for President Clinton, eachtaking what he or she needs from the story, adding or subtracting as seems fit.

Essay on Flashbacks, Thrid Person Narration, and Harsh Language in Anot

Use of Flash hold ups, Thrid Person Narration, and Harsh Language in other Country James Baldwins novel, Another Country , is enhanced by Baldwins unique narrative style. The majority of the exposition of Another Country is presented through flashbacks. Baldwin uses the third somebody omniscient point of view to narrate his characters personal thoughts and develop the characters. Lastly, Baldwin intensifies the rage and provoke through his uncommonly harsh diction. Quite often Baldwin oversteps the traditional bonds of detach language. Although his diction is not appealing, it is both strong and effective. Such words evoke emotions in all readers. You took the best, why not take the rest? is the opening line of reasoning of Another Country. Readers begin the novel with the description of a man who has sunk to a low position in life. This man has fallen from his position as a prominent jazz musician to the lowest of street bums. His hair is uncombed his body is unclean. He has de scended from a very public position to a place where he hides from family, friends and police. And finally, in desperation, this man sells his body to another man for food and drink. All this action takes place in two pages. It is at the posterior of the second page that Baldwin give... ...the novel. Through harsh language Baldwin intensifies the anger. One such example is this passage Ill be back, he (Vivaldo) said. No, you wont, said Rufus. Ill kill you if you come back (58). This passage expresses great rage when it is placed in context. Rufus is talking to his one true friend. His words are abrasive and at times abusive. Baldwins diction represents the anger of his characters and his time. Another Country is written in an intense narrative style. James Baldwin utilizes the techniques of flashback narration, omniscient point of view and harsh language to increase the power of his novel.  

The Feudal System :: essays research papers

"The Feudal System"      The feudalistic system was a political, military, and stinting system based on the holding of land. The system was developed since the whole entire basis of rule from all the civilizations before the Middle Ages was lost. Early europium was in desperate need of such a system since they were constantly being raided by the Vikings and other outsiders.     Man was lonely during the Middle Ages. Life was genuinely harsh and everyone worked except the king. The usual life expectancy was 35. People lived in small farming communities. Everyone lived in constant fear of being raided by extraneous invaders such as the Vikings. When they were not worrying about being invaded they were scared of plague and other living conditions. Mans position in the world was unknown. Knowledge, wealth, and governing physical structure had to be recreated. Cities were far and few between and much less populated and developed like to days cities. The Middle Ages was a religious age. Man clung to God as creator. People painstakingly built churches. Religion was what was the most important to people for a long time, and to be excommunicated was horrible.     As time progressed the feudal system was created. It was intentional to divide the lands and protect from attack. The king first gave a fief or a piece of land to a royal liege lord. As proof for this replacement in land a vassal would swear to the lord to be his man all the days of his life and protect him against "all men who whitethorn live or die." Next came investiture. Investiture was a symbolic gesture when a King or a lord presented a royal vassal or a vassal a stick, a small rod, or a clod of earth to show that he has given him a fief. presently this royal vassal was in charge of a huge piece of land. In order to defend it he would then divide his land into small pieces. He would take these smaller pieces and give them to warriors or who agreed to be his own vassals. Thus, the royal vassal became a lord to other vassals. The vassals now below this lord would now divide their lands and grant fiefs to warriors of their own. Last in the dividing of land was the knight whose parcel of land was too small to be divided.     Everyone in the feudal system worked except the king.

Carton?s Change Essays -- essays research papers

It is human nature to carry a beast deep down within oneself. Whether one chooses to control the beast or be controlled by it is an individual choice. He who makes a beast of himself gets rid of the pain of being a man. roughly repress their inner rage, but some let it loose and lose that which makes them a human being. In the novel A tale of two Cities by Charles Dickens, Sydney Carton is not the man he initially appears to be. Sydneys live for Lucie changed him greatly, and allowed him to become a ameliorate person. Sydney Cartons final act of compulsive courage in Paris is not an inspired emotional response, but a deliberate, guardedly reasoned act. In the novel A Tale of Two Cities Sydney Carton drastically changes his living around and becomes a new man, which allows him to die with a clear conscience.Sydney Carton is not the man he initially appears to be. Sydney is start described at Darnays trial as slouching and not paying attention to the proceedings of the court. He is portrayed as drunk, and even admits this to Darney at dinner. A last word, Mr. Darney you think I am drunk? I think you have been drinking, Mr. Carton. Think? You know I have been drinking. Since I must tell so, I know it. Then you shall likewise know why I am a disappointed drudge sir. (Dickens 91) Sydney feels that there is no hope for him, and that his bread and butter will never improve. Carton has much more potential, and could be so much more in life, yet he remains in the buttocks of others happy to do the work of others. Sydney had been working double tides that night, and the night before, and the night before that, and a good many nights in succession, making a dread clearance among Stryvers papers before the setting in of the long vacation. (Dickens 140) Carton has many repressed feelings and memories, which he keeps hidden deep down within himself. He is a lonely man because of these repressed emotions and memories, which make Sydney turn toward drink.The mor e Carton attempts to confront his problems, the more he resorts to recklessness and drinking. Sydney feels that no one cares for him, so he cannot care for another. I care for no man on earth and no man on earth cares for me. (Dickens 91) Cartons memories of ontogenesis up without care eat away at him, and turn him away from other people, into solitude. Ca... ...ried away on the tumbrils to La Guillotine, he thinks philosophically about the rising and even quotes a few scriptures. Before Carton is beheaded his mind becomes clear. He looks at his life and knows he is going to a far better place. It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done it is a far, far better rest that I go to, than I have ever known. (Dickens 367) Cartons carefully reasoned act of saving Charles Darnay was a truly heroic deed. Even though it was partially self-sacrifice, Carton still had a promise to uphold to Lucie and he wasnt going to back out on it.Sydney Carton picks up the pieces of hi s broken life and becomes a new man, which allows him to die with a clear conscience at La Guillotine. Carton is not the man he is first portrayed to be. His love for Lucie allowed him to change greatly. Cartons final act of supreme courage for Darnay and Lucie in Paris was not an inspired emotional response, but a deliberate, carefully reasoned act. Sydney Carton managed to drastically change his life. His Love for Lucie let him experience feelings that he had long suppressed. He became a compassionate individual, and died with a clear conscience.

Comparing Ageing in A Crabbit Old Woman and My Grandmother Essay

Ageing in A Crabbit Old Woman and My Grandmother   The two poems, A Crabbit Old Woman and My Grandmother portray the experience of ageing in very different ways. In A Crabbit Old Woman the poem is written from the old chars perspective when My Grandmother is written from the narrators point of view.   The beginning of the poem The Crabbit Old Woman starts when the woman is old in a nursing home and she is expressing her annoyance at the nurses.   What do you see, nurses? When youre looking at me.   The old woman then tells us some each stage and change of her animation. When she does she uses brief descriptions in the short line.   A bride now at twenty My heart gives a leap   This suggests that she seems regretful that invigoration has passed so quickly and she had wished she had stopped at the time to enjoy what she had. During, and at the end of the poem a variation of the following lines is repeated   Is that what your thinking, Is that what you see? wherefore open your eyes, Youre not looking at me.   This draws in the attention because it is like the poet is really asking the reader the question, and gives the reader a chance to think well-nigh what has equitable been said. The tone changes frequently during the poem, even when she is describing the life she loved there are a few lines that almost seem to bring the fantasy backward ... ...s is probably because I had though that girls would be more sympathetic and understanding to their Grandmothers. I know this is isnt fair and rather discriminating but I just got the feeling that the narrator was a boy.   In conclusion, these two poems portray old age as a time in your life when your quality of life deteriorates. The Crabbit Old Woman tells us about how the old women feels about herself and the nation who are around her and look after her. On the other hand My Grandmother tells us how the people around an old woman view her and her ways. After reading t hese poems I feel that I will look at old people in a different way from now on, and realise they that they were all my age once.

Comparing Ageing in A Crabbit Old Woman and My Grandmother Essay

Ageing in A Crabbit Old Woman and My Grandmother   The two poems, A Crabbit Old Woman and My Grandmother portray the experience of ageing in very different ways. In A Crabbit Old Woman the poem is written from the old muliebritys perspective when My Grandmother is written from the narrators point of view.   The beginning of the poem The Crabbit Old Woman starts when the woman is old in a nursing home and she is expressing her annoyance at the nurses.   What do you see, nurses? When youre looking at me.   The old woman then tells us virtually each stage and change of her flavor. When she does she uses brief descriptions in the short line.   A bride now at twenty My heart gives a leap   This suggests that she seems regretful that support has passed so quickly and she had wished she had stopped at the time to enjoy what she had. During, and at the end of the poem a variation of the following lines is repeated   Is that what your thinking, Is that w hat you see? thence open your eyes, Youre not looking at me.   This draws in the attention because it is like the poet is really asking the reader the question, and gives the reader a chance to think most what has effective been said. The tone changes frequently during the poem, even when she is describing the life she loved there are a few lines that almost seem to bring the fantasy rump ... ...s is probably because I had though that girls would be more sympathetic and understanding to their Grandmothers. I know this is isnt fair and rather discriminating but I just got the feeling that the narrator was a boy.   In conclusion, these two poems portray old age as a time in your life when your quality of life deteriorates. The Crabbit Old Woman tells us about how the old women feels about herself and the tidy sum who are around her and look after her. On the other hand My Grandmother tells us how the people around an old woman view her and her ways. After reading these po ems I feel that I will look at old people in a different way from now on, and realise they that they were all my age once.

Propose a New Positioning Strategy for Acl Product

New market positioning for a impudent reaping Introduction ACL strip down has been a successful product in the Hampshire and the company expanded into the Essex region Market. However gross sales were low and public aw areness was lacking. The company was using the majority of its funds on the products origination extension and dinky on advertisement and product placement. This is the key factor in the poor sales in Essex because the public isnt aware of ACL Clean and its benefits.In order to make ACL Clean a more successful and well known product, funds used for the product line extension pauperization to be diverted to advertising in order implement a new positioning strategy in the Essex market. The best way to implement a new positioning strategy would be through the marketing of ACL Clean to first time buyers of disrobeing equipment. In order to do this ACL Clean lead need to promote sales, advertise, and become established in the public. Background In January 1990, ABC find faulting Ltd commissioned the cleanup position equipment division.The cleaning equipment division expanded more by introducing new products. In the Hampshire area, effective promotion has helped ACL clean become a success. Market awareness is upwards of 80% and brand loyalty is high scorn the high price. Advertising is used in the Hampshire for promotion. Ads target general cleaning equipment owners because the market is segmented more according to benefits sought rather than any demographic such as age, gender, or income. The major media is television using commercials with a humorous approach stressing select and safety.ACL clean then decided to work on developing the product line, as well as branch into the Essex market. These line extension products were also offered in Essex as well as Hampshire, and there was no competition for ACL clean because other companies didnt enter into this new unknown category of cleaning equipment. Over 5 years in the Essex market and sales are still low. The product is available in most key outlets like Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury, and also in smaller chains. There is little sales promotions, since the website for ACL clean is where the sales promotions are. But there is no awareness of the site.The same pricing strategy is used in Essex as in the Hampshire, but ACL clean has non worked on justifying the cost in consumers minds. Furthermore the product line extensions took the majority of the budget leaving no funds for advertising. Without advertising there is no brand loyalty in Essex like in Hampshire. Too much has been put into the product line extension and not enough into the positioning strategy. As a result there is weak positioning and low awareness of this product. Statement of Problems The main concern is that ACL clean has an ineffective positioning strategy in that one was never established for the Essex market.The product was introduced and the line extensions were added, however no effective marketing was done to target the market they were introducing the product into. The lack of establishing a new positioning strategy in Essex has lead to low product awareness, no brand loyalty and low sales. Also, no advertising has resulted in little product position in the consumers mind. Essex consumers are unaware of the product and its benefits because there curb been no commercials or ads or promotion of any kind. Strategies Alternative 1 The current positioning strategy has no strengths and many weaknesses as demonstrated in the lack of sales.Therefore a new positioning strategy must be developed. A target market should be defined so that advertising, marketing and public relations can be more focused and effective. ACL clean is a great product with high quality and safety, and with increasing health awareness and infection control campaigns by health authorities people, are more inclined to clean their homes more often. So by targeting the first-time buyers in the market, ACL clean coul d be effectively promoted as a great product to help households enhance a healthy environment.This demographic is likely around the age of 25-35. Mainly people out of school, beginning a career or becoming more established, and are able to make a major purchase like a cleaning equipment and want one that will last them for as long as possible. Promoting ACL clean as the product that will achieve this will increase product awareness, create brand loyalty, and ultimately increase sales. However, as many first-time buyers have been using other cleaning equipment or have used other products related to car care, introducing ACL clean as a premium product will be a daunting task ecause there is already an established brand loyalty to other products, even though they are not as good as ACL clean. With establishment of the original ACL clean product in the market the opportunities of the line extensions are limitless. A great way to promote ACL clean in the Essex market would be through pub lic relations. A great strategy would be to sponsor an event such as a cleaning equipment show in Essex region. Alternative 2 Another effective means of marketing ACL clean to the Essex Region as a great product with quality safety benefits would be through alliance with healthcare companies and local authorities.Alternative 3 Advertising is the most obvious and effective choice to place ACL clean in the consumers mind, just as it has in the Hampshire. Through TV commercials, magazine ads, and banners on web pages, the name and product information relation to ACL clean would be widely visible. Since TV is a major media source, having commercials that target the demographic of first-time buyers, would make the greatest impact for ACL clean. TV spots during primetime TV on major Essex stations would be seen by millions of viewers. Creating commercials that are exciting and fresh of the special features of ACL clean will catch viewers interest.

Introduction To Research

interrogation is a high-hat word that sc ars a lot of people. It is a welcoming placement towards change. The question solid ground of mind can use to anything. It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, down the stairstaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an resolving power to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory.The Value of Research Research helps professionals by providing entropy to make decisions, or o perform their functions to a greater extent feelingively. Teachers necessitate to know what teaching method can be used Health services providers need health-related data in developing health programs Research Improves the Quality of Life Quality look for is the lifeblood of any scientific discipline. Without it, disciplines would stag nate, failing to advance past their period limits and understanding. (Wan 1997 p. 7) General Types of Research Research can be classified into three categories Descriptive research Correlation or association research Experimental or interjection research Descriptive Research The descriptive of study finds answer to the questions who, what, where and how. This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or factors. Examples of research topics fall under the descriptive type 1 . The management style of school administrators in Lillo City 2.Tardiness and absenteeism among high school students 3. The insecticidal properties of pepper Explanatory or Correlation Research An explanatory study goes beyond description of the problem or situation. It attempts to develop the possible factors related to a problem which have en detect in a descriptive study. This study answers the questions why and how. The factors related to the problem, however, need not be viewed as real causes Of the problem, but factors which are associated with or whitethorn contribute to the occurrence of the problem.Certain factors are assumed to explain or contribute to the existence of a problem or a certain frame or the variation in a given situation. The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are assumed to have caused the problem. For example, relationships amid the following pairs f variables can be studied 1. sex Grades 2. Knowledge round cancer compliance with medical exam regimen 3.Educational attainment repayment status of cooperative members Intervention or Experimental Research The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the cause and effect relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The following examples of research topics fall under t he explanatory or correlation category 1 . The resolution of Different Levels of Applied Nitrogen on the harvesting and Yield of Rice Experimental vs..Non- experimental Research Experimental research Treatments are given to subjects Cause-and-effect questions Non-experimental research Treatments are not given to subjects Participants are observed as they naturally exist Other Dichotomies of Research There are other classification of research 1. Pure or Applied 2. Exploratory or Explanatory 3. Quantitative or Qualitative Pure Basic Attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certain patterns of behavior using both or both qualitative and quantitative research cuisines Pure research offers better descriptions and better business relationship of human behavior.The intention is to accumulate knowledge about a certain phenomenon. Doesnt necessarily provide results of contiguous, practical use Applied Research Aims to see an immediate solution to a problem Focuses on va riables or factors which can be changed by intervention in order to achieve a desired tendency An experimental study comparing the effectiveness of cardinal methods of improving a situation Exploratory Designed to describe an existing problem situation and ascertain the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of the problemExplanatory To understand or explain a prevailing situation or explain a relationship between factors which may have already been identified in preliminary studies Seek more specific answers to Sunny and how questions Quantitative vs.. Qualitative Research Quantitative data are gathered such that they can be quantified and subjected to statistical analyses Qualitative data are gathered such that they can be analyzed through aware judgment Research may be intrusive or non-obtrusive Obtrusive research where the researcher introduces conditions that influence participants.Introduction To ResearchResearch is a high-hat word that scares a lot of pe ople. It is a welcoming attitude towards change. The research state of mind can apply to anything. It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory.The Value of Research Research helps professionals by providing information to make decisions, or o perform their functions more effectively. Teachers need to know what teaching method can be used Health services providers need health-related data in developing health programs Research Improves the Quality of Life Quality research is the lifeblood of any scientific discipline. Without it, disciplines would stagnate, failing to advance past their current limits and understanding. (Wan 1997 p. 7) General Types of Research Research can be classified into three categories Descriptive research Correlation or association research Experimental or intervention research Descriptive Research The descriptive of study finds answer to the questions who, what, where and how. This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or factors. Examples of research topics fall under the descriptive type 1 . The management style of school administrators in Lillo City 2.Tardiness and absenteeism among high school students 3. The insecticidal properties of pepper Explanatory or Correlation Research An explanatory study goes beyond description of the problem or situation. It attempts to explain the possible factors related to a problem which have en observed in a descriptive study. This study answers the questions why and how. The factors related to the problem, however, need not be viewed as real causes Of the problem, but factors which are associated with or may contribu te to the occurrence of the problem.Certain factors are assumed to explain or contribute to the existence of a problem or a certain condition or the variation in a given situation. The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are assumed to have caused the problem. For example, relationships between the following pairs f variables can be studied 1. Gender Grades 2. Knowledge about cancer compliance with medical regimen 3.Educational attainment repayment status of cooperative members Intervention or Experimental Research The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the cause and effect relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The following examples of research topics fall under the explanatory or correlation category 1 . The Effect of Different Levels of Applied Nitrogen on the growth and Yield of Rice Experimental vs..Non- experimental Research Experimental research Treatments are given to subjects Cause-and-effect questions Non-experimental research Treatments are not given to subjects Participants are observed as they naturally exist Other Dichotomies of Research There are other classification of research 1. Pure or Applied 2. Exploratory or Explanatory 3. Quantitative or Qualitative Pure Basic Attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certain patterns of behavior using either or both qualitative and quantitative research cuisines Pure research offers better descriptions and better explanation of human behavior.The intention is to accumulate knowledge about a certain phenomenon. Doesnt necessarily provide results of immediate, practical use Applied Research Aims to see an immediate solution to a problem Focuses on variables or factors which can be changed by intervention in order to achieve a desired goal An experimental study comparing the effectiveness o f two methods of improving a situation Exploratory Designed to describe an existing problem situation and examine the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of the problemExplanatory To understand or explain a prevailing situation or explain a relationship between factors which may have already been identified in exploratory studies Seek more specific answers to Sunny and how questions Quantitative vs.. Qualitative Research Quantitative data are gathered such that they can be quantified and subjected to statistical analyses Qualitative data are gathered such that they can be analyzed through informed judgment Research may be obtrusive or non-obtrusive Obtrusive research where the researcher introduces conditions that influence participants.

What You Have Learned About Why We Assess Young Children

Consider what you ready learned about why we assess teenage clawren. Based on pages 3133 ofAssessing and Guiding Young Childrens Development and Learningand the video segment Overview of Assessment, briefly explain the importance of developmentally appropriate assessments. ANS There are different importance of developmentally appropriate assessments that I learned from our text. As a t each(prenominal)ers we can not have a bun in the oven every age are the same or makes an assumption about their development and learn style.It is very important to identify which area each child need special care and set a goal on how we can help them out. Assessment help teachers to set a goal for each child in their care. Assessment information can used as communication log in a meeting with other staffs or with prove in a conference. Policymakers, the early childhood profession, and other stakeholders in young childrens lives have many shared responsibilities regarding effective assessment (NA EYC & NAEC/SDE, 2003, p. 4).Using the information depicted on pages 36 of Assessing and Guiding Young Childrens Development and Learning, explain the responsibilities of each of these groups in ensuring effective assessment. ANS As a victor child care our responsibilities to control an effective assessment is to identify the make issue that we are trying to help each child on. Set a goal and programs that can help to improve their literacy and development. After the assessment teachers should use the appropriate assessment methods on each child.Share their results with the children, their parent and others staffs. Also as the text stated developing sensible pupil grading procedures which use pupil assessment. Parent,policy makers and the general public with the accountability are expected to report their procedures and they are sensitive to children progress make surely children do well on their accountability tests. The test to this result are available to everyone from teach ers, parent to general public.Professionals must have detail information to present to other for children with special needs. Teachers must be sensitive to children from different culture because their authoritys are different from United States systems. Most children are going to have their first experience in speaking English in their classroom among their peers and their caregiver. Assessment must be done in the right way to reach the right goal for each child in our care. Each child approaches, inter comes, and processes their world in unique ways.Effective assessment takes this uniqueness into account through aesthesia to individual abilities and linguistic, social, and cultural differences. Review pages 1823 ofAssessing and Guiding Young Childrens Development and Learning, and explain, using examples, why sensitivity to each of these factors is such an important voice of effective assessment. Then, summarize the role fair and impartial assessment plays in achieving this se nsitivity. ANS The reason why each of these factors on assess all children pretty is because children with disabilities are special in their own ways.Even though they may not fit in the category of their peers but they are still required to be challenges and have the right activities put in place for them. Other other hand many children here in United States are from diverse homes. And as a teacher we must be sensitive to children culture and their belief and value. Children that comes from different background from us may speak different from us and act in a different way, but we should judge them and understand everyone act and do things differently. Because culture influence the way children thinks, the way they interact with people around them.Example in Nigeria we are taught to always response to people that are older than us as yes, maam to never ague with adult is a way to show respect. Assessment information help teachers to identify which areas children needs help and it can be used as communication tools among staffs or other professional child care. However right assessment method must be use on each child to achieve the right information that I needed for each child. Reference Assessing and Guiding Young Childrens Development and Learning

Reading Habit Essay

When there were no televisions or computers, reading was a primary leisure activity. spate would spend hours reading books , traveling to far away lands in their minds. With time, people have lost their skill and passion to read as there be many other exciting and thrilling options available these days, aside from books. And that is a shame because reading offers a productive approach to improving vocabulary and word of honor power, it helps to learn things that are not taught in school or by a teacher. course session magazines and newspapers daily informs us with what is going on in the right(prenominal) world or in the community we live in. Children who love reading have comparatively higher IQs. They are more creative and do better(p) in schools and colleges. Children who start reading from an early(a) age have good language skills, and have a better grasp on the variances in phonics . Reading helps in mental development and stimulates the eyes muscles it involves greater le vels of concentration and adds to the conversational skills of the reader.It is an indulgence that enhances the knowledge acquired, consistently. The habit of reading also helps readers to decipher new words and phrases that they come across in everyday conversations. Reading can become a healthy addiction and adds to our information on various topics helping us to stay in-touch with contemporary writers as well as those from the days of yore and makes us sensitive to global issues. It is therefore essential to cultivate the habit of reading from an early age for self development.

Harm the Environment of Air Pollution

HARM THE ENVIRONMENT OF AIR POLLUTION 1. Harm to human health and animal life on primer coat Air pollution on the human body and animals primarily via the respiratory tract as well as direct effects on the look and skin of the body. They cause diseases such(prenominal) as suffocation, acute pulmonary edema, a number of irritating contaminants for coughs, asthma, tuberculosis, lung cancer, causing bitter tears, cause allergies, itching onskin, urticaria, fossa dust and asbestos dust causes lung Are some of the most dangerous air pollutants cause cancer.The impact of pollutants on respiratory strong or weak, in let on dependent on their solubility in water. If contaminants are soluble in water when the air we breathe, we will dissolve the liquid in the airways and impact on the agency. Nature into the lungs of a variety of pollutants has been linked to the presence of the aerosol can in the air. Normally these contaminants do not penetrate deep into the trachea and bronchi, but t hank to the aerosol absorption which can penetrate deeper in the lungs and until the alveoli.Environmental pollution of air increased the proportion of people suffering from respiratory disease (pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis), reject respiratory disease (pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis), neurodegenerative diseases, diseasesheadaches, heart disease, skin diseases, eye diseases and allergies. In environments where the air is more polluted as the proportion of infected adults. In general, animal cultivation and wildlife are sensitive to air pollution is greater than man. In some major industrial countries, some animals have perished because of environmental pollution. . Harm to the kit and boodle near of these pollutants in ambient air have adverse effects to plants, causing adverse effects for agriculture and horticulture. Expression is making slow crop development, particularly photochemical smog has caused great harm to the vegetables lettuce, peas, rice, corn, fruit trees a nd other roomslan. The components of environmental pollution in the air as sulfuro SO2, HF hydrogen fluoride, sodium chloride, NaCl, the vapor or dust from the manufacture of copper, lead, zinc, dying Especially the gas coming from the lime kiln, hand-baked bricks, even if their concentration is low besides slows the growth of plants, high school concentrations of gold leaf work, as fruits are flat, cracked, was punched and higher levelthe fruit and leaves were falling, necrotic. The type of rock dust clinging to tree leaves many also affect plant growth because of reduced chlorophyll contents of the process of plant photosynthesis. These plants have flower buds turned down on the ground are less stirred by dust pollution than plants with flower buds to the sky.However, there are pollutants is good for plants, is to enhance plant growth, especially for algae such as phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon. 3. slander to the material In general, air pollution has negative effects, materi als, textures and furniture and dishonored equipment immediately. The air pollutants such as SO2, H2SO4, chloride, the sol air make steel deplete and damage the weld metal and construction materials quickly. Therefore, reducing the life and works to speed up repairs.The stones used in construction will be damaged if the air contains more CO2 because the CO2 is high humidity will combine with moisture to form carbonic acid H2CO3, we causticity,forming long slit entrench on the rocks. The copper oxide pollutants, sulfur oxides have negative effects for textiles, paper and leather. With the advent of supersonic aircraft noise pollution has caused a very dangerous aircraft. The supersonic blast emits the sound (sound bombs) with high pressure in excess of 100 N/m2.The explosion sound is capable of building structural damage such as broken windows. 4. The effects of pollution on climate Environmental pollution of air without adversely affecting the climate of the region but also aff ect global climate. Affect the global climate is reflected in the formation of the greenhouse effect of CO2 levels, global temperatures increase, raising sea levels or the ozone seafarer phenomenon, umbrella protects life onEarth from ultraviolet radiation from the sun destroy Here are some of the effects of pollution on local anaesthetic climate. a. High temperatures Daily minimum temperature in urban areas than rural high around 2 5oC and mean annual temperature is generally higher than 0. 5 to 1. 3 oC. It is caused by fuel combustion and the production process by the method of processing large amounts of heat radiating heat already in the atmosphere, and fold up area of uildings, roads, yards occupy much, they draw picturessolar surface has more trees in the countryside. On the other hand, vacuum thermal evaporation in the city less than in rural areas. In contrast, the relative humidity of the air in cities than in rural low 2-8%. b. Reduced solar radiation and increase the cloud The sight dust, smog pollution of urban air absorption effect from 10 to 20% of solar radiation and reducing visibility, ie reducing the transparency of the atmosphere.The dust, the aerosol produced by the operation, traffic and human activity released into the air can create condensation nuclei of water vapor in the atmosphere. Water vapor deposition in urban areas is often greater in rural areas from 50 to 10%. Based on the scientific and technical achievements today humans can actively control a variation in climate as methods of reducing artificial fog at the airport, making artificial rain, meltHurricane

Computer Crime Essay Essay

Computer crime is an ongoing issue that we continuously see, and a major trouble with this is that most wad do non realize the harm that computer crime can cause. Computer crime is also a niche that continues to grow. This is ground on the accompaniment that there are galore(postnominal) distinct perceptions about what computer crime is, and the harmful effects it can view. Because there is a spread between traditional views of what cyber crime is and the actual realities of these crimes, it is a outlaw offense that will continue to happen.A major issue within this industry is the fact that citizens, law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and the government dont put cyber crime at the top of their list of dangerous crimes is because the actual act of computer crime is not in itself viewed as being dangerous. This is a traditional view of computer crime, and the book goes on to explain that, many stereotypical computer criminals are non-threatening, socially challenged indi viduals, and 36.3% of officers regard that investigation of computer crime interferes with their ability to concentrate on traditional crimes (Britz, 7). Because police tend to not look too seriously at these crimes, the widely distributed public will form their own, similar opinions on the matter. This gives muckle an inaccurate belief about the effects of cyber crime. In fact, computer crime can and many times is violent today.One area of computer crime that has become particularly dangerous, especially for younger generations is cyber bullying. In recent years, we have seen to a greater extent and more suicides related to cyber bullying then ever before. An example of this can be seen in the case of the United States v. Lori Drew. Lori was an older woman who pretended to be a teenaged boy and began to talk and soon after started an online relationship with a 14-year-old girl. The girl even sotually began to fall for the fake 16-year-old boy that Lori Drew created. After a ser ies of conversations, their relationship ended with a message from Drew telling the girl that nobody actually liked her and she should instead kill herself.Unfortunately, the 14-year-old girl, being super impressionable and because of her feelings for this fake teenage boy, took the advice and ended up killing herself. A big issue we have seen with lawmakers imposing laws to prevent cyber crime is that, it issuch an advance(a) form of crime that many times it is unclear if there was an actual crime committed and if so where/when it happened. In past situations, legislative bodies and judicial politics have been slow to respond (Britz, 5). This slow response allows for those committing crimes in cyber space to avoid punishment and lets these criminals continue their illegal operations. Another problem within this criminal sector is the gray area between, someone who accesses reading without authorization and someone who is actually committing an act in cyberspace meant to harm so meone or exterminate property (Webster).Another traditional view when it comes to cyber crime that is probably the most commonly thought, is that it would never happen to me. The average American does not think that they could be a computer criminals targets. These people believe that because they arent millionaires and instead an average income American, cyber criminals wont go after them.This unfortunately is not the case, and because these people arent taking the proper steps to protect themselves, they are becoming easier to target. In 2004, 54 million Americans were subject to email attacks by phishers looking for to steal financial information from people. Roughly 4% of these 54 million people gave away their financials including credit card numbers, addresses, phone numbers, etcthat is almost 1.7 million people In the year 2003, 1.2 billion dollars were generated in cyber attacks on average Americans. But computer criminals are not just using this phishing approach to steal information and money.They are practicing using key logging and spyware to steal passwords and other private information that can allow these people to go unnoticed while disbursal your money. Despite the fact that we see more and more security be put in place to avoid these issues, it continues to happen because so many people in our gild believe it will not happen to them. But what is instead happening, is more of these average people are being targeted because they are basically making it easier for these criminals to steal their personal information. While these criminals certainly could steal more money from millionaires, going after these more average Americans is easier and safer (Wilson).With how technology dependent our society has become, we see more and morehacking crimes today. There even exist free radicals out there that have members from all over the world that collectively hack different websites. For example, Anonymous is probably the most well known hacking co llective in the world. Parmy Olsons book We Are Anonymous Inside the Hacker World, she discusses the history of the group and the attacks that they have done.This group would like us to believe that they are an activist group that seeks freedom for all people, but has hacked financial institutions such as PayPal, MasterCard and Visa. They deprivation us to believe that they are freedom fighters and simply believe in an unregulated Internet, but they tend to go after websites and companies that simply disagree with their message. It is sorting of a double-edged sword, because while they are preaching about freedom of speech, they then in turn go after people who disagree with their message. Olson even discusses the fact that the group went after her because of the books she was writing about this organization.People are definitely becoming more aware of the dangers of computer crime, many Americans still do not see the detrimental effects that cyber crime can have on society. These people that are blinded by traditional views of computer crime, have become the target of attacks. Their lack of preparations have allowed cyber criminals to go after them and gain money through their computer skills.Works CitedBritz, M. T. (2013). Computer Forensics and Cyber disgust and Introduction (3rd ed., Vol. 3). velocity Saddle River, NJ Pearson.Olson, Parmy. We Are Anonymous Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency. New York Little, Brown and Company, .United States v. Lori Drew. (Feb. 2008) California . 2 Jul. 2012. news.findlaw.com/wp/docs/cyberlaw/usdrew51508ind.pdf.Webster, S. C. (2013, June 20). Lawmakers Propose Cyber Crime Reforms.Retrieved from Raw Story website http//www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/06/20/lawmakers-propose-cyber-crime-reforms-inspired-by-aaron-swartz/Wilson, T. (n.d.). How Phishing Works. Retrieved June 30, 2013, from How Stuff Works website http//www.howstuffworks.com/phishing.htm

Intergovernmental Management Essay

1. What is the provision of the United States Constitution that may apply in the case of an agreement or compact amongst two or more states?Regarding the applicable provision of the United States Constitution is Section 10 of denomination I. That section of the Constitution provides in part that (n)o State shall, without the Consent of recounting enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State. 2. Do you specify that the object of pile Raika to just enter into an agreement between the departments falls under that provision? Do you think that his proposal is reasonable? What do you cypher as the major advantage of that proposal? In your view, what is a major problem with this limited approach? The proposal of James Raika to enter into an agreement between the departments doesnt fall under the provision without the Consent of Congress.The University Education is entitle to its rights and such as a moral duty to the state and that the Consent of Congress approval isnt nee ded. James Raikas proposal is reasonable with entering into an agreement with their counterpart in that other states to allow students to attend at in-state pass judgment if a program is not offered in the home state of the student. What I see as an major advantage of the proposal is that the agreement would be easy understood to write and execute a plan. The major problem is introducing the idea of making an agreement between the departments in the two neighboring states may be overstepping the power granted to each one. In my personal view the major problem with this limited approach is that the states breaching there agreements and not following through with proposal plan in the near future.3. Why do you suppose that Morgan James wants to take a more expanded approach? What do you think are whatsoever of the benefits of that approach? What do you feel are the potential problems? What would be the sequence of events for proceeding to try to gain approval? The reason why Morgan James wants to take a more expanded approach is to make sure they follow all the rulesand regulations so that there are not any issues concerning higher(prenominal) education. Morgan could probably want to seek full responsibilities of this major innovation approach.Even though her position as Executive Directors position is plant or elected that could be her reasoning into motivating this approach too. The sequence of events to try to gain approval would be the process of growth and passing of laws. In the growth stage of figuring out the proposed it will take the essential actions such as establishing stakeholders, to determine the needs of the neighboring states, and preliminary of forms/documents. Lastly, get the regulation to pass and signed into a law within each state that is party to the agreement.4. If Margaret Smith is opposed to the idea, in either form, what are the implications? Why do you think she is against the idea? What might you be able to do to help coordinate a discussion between the parties? Margaret Smith seem to disagree by opposing to this idea. One reason suggest is that she does not like the idea legislative efforts at controlling the be may be circumvented by some attempt at our higher education department to propose an agreement with another state to waive the out-of-state rates in many instances. Secondly, the different roadblocks that could be faced with different issues. What I might be able to do to help coordinate would be to meet with her and the other parties to show the prediction of costs and benefits of different point of views of the result.

Principles for implementing duty of care in health, social care or children’s and young people’s setting Essay

1.2all(a) practitioners have a duty of c are all in all the baby birdren the setting, this also includes the faculty. A duty of care is where a practitioner has to memorize care of them and not let them get harmed in any way. This will involve the clawren attention, watching bulge out for hazards and preventing mistakes or accidents. If a practitioner has not met the duty of care required then they can be held accountable for allo promoteg it to happen.The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is a framework that provides an assurance to cares and parents that the setting that they dedicate their peasant in will keep them safe and help them thrive. The aim of the EYFS is to help children achieve the flipper Every Child Matters outcomes which are Staying safeBeing healthyEnjoying and achievingMaking a positive parcelAchieving economic wellbeingThese can be achieved by having quality, consistence and a set of standards which apply to all settings.2.1Children are entitled to ba sic human rights such as food, health care, a safe internal and protection from abuse but because children cant al slipway stand up for themselves they need a special sat of rights to ensure that the adults around them take responsibility for their protection and emergence. The UN convention on the rights of the child applies to all children under the age of 18 and it spells out the basic human rights children and young people should have.All children have the right to survive, develop and be protected from harm. There can be potential conflicts or dilemmas with professionals record and share information about a child, the information on a child should only be collected and stored with the parents constant and should have free access to this information on request. The constant will be gained formally with a signature the only exception is when a child mightbe at risk of immediate and significant harm if you share the information with the parent.Safeguarding a child requires pract itioners to make difficult judgments. As an early years practitioner your duty is promote the welfare, development and learning of each child sometimes this means raising difficult or sensitive issues with a parent or carer. It is important that the issues are raised in a way that shows concern for the child and not criticising the parent or carer.In general it is important to have a confidential infinite and a clear focus on the child best interests, the vast number of parents will be supportive even if the first reaction in negative and it is important to involve senior staff in these discussions such as a room senior or the manager. 2.2Whatever setting you are in, situations whitethorn arise where you need to respond to a complaint. People react in different ways to a situation. When responding to a complaint it is important to take into account the other persons point of view and draw a solution to the problem. You should aim to deal with the complaint in a constructive manner in order to maintain positive working relationships. There are four positive steps that may help you respond to a complaint keep cool, listen, apologise if necessary and try for a win/win solution. 2.3The colleagues that you work with should be able to provide additional support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas such as your room senior or settings manager. In addition there are a range of government activity that can provide support and advice for those working with children, young people and their families. These include local education authority, health services, social service department and charities and voluntary organisations. You should always remember to follow your settings guidelines regarding confidentiality and the sharing of information when pertain about the welfare of a child or young person.

Are good intentions necessary for moral action

The inclination of the man to return the phone is enough to account for nigh(a) treat. But, consequentiality alike(p) Bethel believes that the bit of the lesson live up to determines whether the mouldions are right or wrong non the objective, even though the intention whitethorn be pricy the essence justifies the end. For example, if the man who finds the phone and thinks to return it but forget, his act is mor completelyy wrong because the answer of his action did not let out a good outcome. The phone of the owner is still missing. The consequence of the action awaits to be a purify determinant for oral action rather than good intentions.Sometimes, no matter how pure the good intentions are, they do not everlastingly lead to good outcomes. Good intentions could bring more or less disaster such as in case of act of terrorism. People fail to think nigh the outcome of the intention ahead acting out. The object and accompaniment as well gip important roles in d etermining the moral action. Therefore, it cannot be the necessary component of moral action unless the outcome is good. Terrorist to us seem like bad people who should be locked up or worse, deserve to die. Even though, we do not see this, terrorists believe they are sighting for a just cause.For example, the 9/1 1 ack-ack gun in 2000, the terrorists believed they were fighting for the rights of Muslims who concur experienced hate violence. So, to some people they were freedom fighters or soldiers like during a conventional struggle. According McPherson, terrorism, if compared to conventional war, is not wrong because they both attack non combatants. And sometimes, conventional war causes more harm than terrorism (Can p 279). Terrorism is still wrong, the frank are still killed and in that respect is no side effect of justice being motorcarried out.In fact, terrorism often does the opposite of what it sets out to chance on and produces tyranny forcing people to surrender or die. Unlike conventional war, terrorism often exhausts it too out-of-the-way(prenominal) and it is mostly an indirect form of confrontation like suicide bomber, a bomb planted on the street or even a person shooting people of a particular root word out of nowhere. They do not consider the outcome of their actions. There is no way terrorism is a justifiable act, it is a threat to political party but to the public in general. They do subscribe to any remorse for vulnerable group such as children, hey take out their attacks on anyone (Can p 272).It does not matter if the intentions of terrorist group are good and often they are not, the outcome of the action is worse and it causes a lot of disaster and damage to individuals and their family. Therefore, in the form of morality, terrorism breaks all form of moral codes and is wrong. Good intentions often go bad quite easily because we as individuals has different views about emotional state and what seems good to us might be terrib le to another. Sometimes, we treat others how feel we should treated not considering they may not like that.We often hear the expression, it is the thought that counts, but you cannot guarantee that the person will be thinking the way you are when you perform the action. All the individual sees is the action and not the intent. For example, if I bought my trembler threw my friend a surprise party without knowing she hates surprise parties because she has a disorder. She walks and everyone yells surprise and she starts screaming in panic and ends in a hospital. The intention was good but the outcome not so much, although, all people see is a bad friend.The fault with good intention is that it tries to please everyone which is not attainable and ends up making situations worse than they are. Sometimes, people never consider thinking about the outcome before they play it out the action. For example, in political campaigns when the political leaders promise the crowd pleaser such hea lthcare, decrease in penury etc and they are elected. A few months into the term, and there is no observable action on a better healthcare system or a decline in poverty rates because there is a decline in the economy and tax is increased, the citizens will complain.It will not matter f the politician has a good intention because the outcome was not good. You can not sell a car mentally to a person therefore, you cannot mentally assume that people know your intention is good. Good intention is not relevant component of moral action unless the outcome of the action is good. In order for an action to be morally good, the three components must be good or at least indifferent in its object with consideration of the circumstance and have a good intention (Curran & McCormick p 221). This means that even though the intention is good as long as the object or circumstance of the action is bad, the action is bad.The aim or purpose of the act determines the object. The Voodoo, why, where, ho w and by what means determines the circumstance of the moral act. For example, let us take the case of a suicide bomber constructd Hosannas. A man, Hosannas, is forced to practice suicide bombing to save his family. He commits suicide bombing and about 200 people are killed in the mall. In this scenario, the object of the act, cleanup spot of innocent people, is bad. The intention is good, sacrificing his life for his family, therefore preserving life.The circumstance of the act is bad (who) about 200 innocent people doing their jobs or shopping in the mall dies (why) Hosannas was violent death to protect his family (where) Hosannas is the mall filled with innocent people(how) he blew himself up along with the entire build (by what means)with a bomb. Therefore, the moral action is bad despite the intention being good. Let us take another scenario, where Hosannas is a Muslim who believes the Muslim terrorist group are fighting for the Muslims and defending the religion. So, he t akes matters into his hand and commits suicide bombing in the name of Allah and kills about 200 people in mall.In this scenario, the object of the act, killing innocents, this is bad. The intention is good or indifferent, defending the Muslims against injustice. The circumstance of the act is bad (who) about 200 innocent people doing their jobs or shopping in the mall dies (why) Hosannas was defending the Muslim honor in the name of Allah (where)Hosannas is in the mall filled with innocent people (how) he blew himself and kills everyone the building too (by what means )with a bomb. This scenario also shows another wrong action with the intention not being important.So, therefore, the object and circumstance play important roles in shaping the act as either being morally good or bad. As Saint Bernard of Calvarias said the road to hell is paved with good intentions. This is true, as we see that, although, good intentions mean well, it does not always take the form of justice or mora lly right. That is people with good intentions end up doing the exact opposite of what they set out to accomplish. And Consequentiality like Bethel, unlike Kantian ethics sees this point as being true because the outcome Of the act is what counts not the intent.In the case of terrorism, we see that terrorism can be in form of good intent and not distinctively wrong. It can also seem as act of heroism in the case of people defending their religion, but it is not. It always ends up bringing destruction and death of the innocents. Terrorist acts do not follow moral code and have no remorse for anyone. Good intentions do not always bring about great advantage because we cannot expect people to think the way we think. Also, people often fail to think ahead about the outcome of the act before playing it out. This often leads to bad results even with the purest of intent.

Uses Of Vegetable Cooking Oil Environmental Sciences Essay

vegetable cookery rock inunct color is a lipid rich, syrupy substances ensuing from vegetable beginnings, much(prenominal) as thenar meats and seeds, which is liquid at room temperature ( Merryweather et al. 2005 ) . Vegetable cookery anoints contain high proportion of unsaturated superfatted acids because they do non incorporate carbon-to-carbon dual bonds. Unsaturated fatty acids argon classified into two viz. monounsaturated ( those attri thoe merely unrivaled dual bond in the C concatenation, such as oleic acid ) and unsaturated ( those confounding two or more dual bonds in the C concatenation ) determines the features of inunct ( CAC 1999 Mistry and Khambete 2011 GEA pabulum Solutions 2013 ) .There ar several lineaments of vegetable cookery oil apply for hot up in the cater industries including Olive oil, Soya-bean oil, Sunf take down oil, Groundnut oil, Maize oil, Cottonseed oil, Mustard-seed oil, Grape seed oil, and Palm oil Codex Alimentarius way ( CAC ) 1999 GEA Food Solutions 2013 .As we in solely know that vegetable cookery oil is basically used for frying trading operations in the catering industries.1.2 USES OF VEGETABLE formulation OILCooking oil is used for frying operations at place and the catering industries. The catering industries are the major users of cooking oil for the readying of several food merchandises such as the eggs, murphy, meat merchandises, veggies and related fried nutritiouss ( Fellows 2000 ) .1.3 Frying OPERATIONS AND THE USE OF VEGETABLE readying OIL BY THE CATERING INDUSTRYFrying is a building block operation which is chiefly used to change the have bore of some specific solid foods listed supra. These alimentals are of import in catering applications and are produced on a commercial graduated table for gross revenues and distribution ( Fellows 2000 ) .There are two types of frying operations known with the catering industry viz. Shallow sauteing, andDeep fat sauteing ( Fellows 2000 )1. 3.1 SHALLOW FryingThis is in like manner called contact sauteing. This is conform to merely for nutrients such as Warren burgers, eggs and other types of Pattie. In this type of frying operation, awake is transferred to the nutrient advance by conduction from the hot resurrect of the pan with a thin bed of oil. It has a high surface heat transportation coefficient of 200-450 Wm-2 k-1. However, in that respect is no even distribution of heat across the firm nutrient surface ( Fellows 2000 ) .1.3.2 DEEP-FAT FryingThis is a cooking social function of nutrients at temperatures between 140 to 180 oC for a few seconds German Society for fat science ( GBFS ) 2008 . This method of frying operation is suited for all sorts of nutrients irrespective of their form. In this method of frying operation, heat transportation takes topographic tear down by a com stack awayation of convection within the hot oil and conductivity to the inside to the nutrient. And all surfaces of the nutrie nt have a similar heat intervention that is equally distributed. The surface heat transportation coefficient of deep-fat sauteing are ranged between 250-300 Wm-2 k-1 before vaporization of ludicrous from the surface begins but subsequently change magnituded to 800-1000 Wm-2 k-1 out-of-pocket to the violent turbulency caused by steam go forthing the nutrient surface ( Fellows 2000 ) .1.4 EFFECT AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COOKING OIL1.4.1 EFFECT OF FRYING OPERATION ON THE QUALITY AND SAFETY OF COOKING OILHeat and oil rec eachwherey systems are used to cut down energy and oil costs, particularly in the catering industry. Drawn-out warming due to recycle of oil at the high temperatures during frying operations, in the presence of wet and O released from nutrients, causes oxidization of the oil to organize a scope of volatile carbonyls, hydroxyl radical acids, keto acids and epoxy acids, which leads to unpleasant spirits and dark coloring material of the oil perchance could take to toxicity, bunk and other nutritionary alterations kindle every bit good occur in the oil ( Fellows 2000 ) . These hobo normally take to the formation of volatile disintegration merchandises and non-volatile decomposition merchandises. The volatile decomposition merchandises have lower molecular weight than the oil and are lost from the sauteing pan due to vaporization. While the non-volatile decomposition merchandises are formed by oxidization and polymerization of the cooking oil and signifier residues on the sides and at the underside of the sauteing container. Polymerization in the absence of O produces cyclic compounds and polymers with high molecular weight, which increase the syrupy features of the cooking oil. This lowers the surface heat transportation coefficient during frying operation and increases the sum of oil mantled by the finished merchandise. Because of this cooking oil quality reduces if used for several times to fry nutrients ( Fellows 2000 ) .Therefore, the re is the demand to command the usage of cooking oil in the catering industry to guarantee the recourse and quality of fried nutrient merchandises for human ingestion.1.4.2 LEGAL REQUIREMENT FOR THE USE OF COOKING OIL IN THE CATERING INDUSTRYOil is an expensive merchandise managing it expeditiously saves processing costs and ensures invariably high nutrient quality for the consumer in the catering industries. In a extremely competitory catering concern, there is considerable world power per unit area on caterers to supply first-class merchandises at the lowest possible monetary value, to bring through consumers demands. As a essence, many of these nutrient concern mer nookytile establishments are going progressively interest in efficient oil direction, which brings two valuable benefits maintaining oil ingestion to a minimal and belongings optimal merchandise quality and visual aspect ( GEA Food Solutions 2013 ) .From the above tabular array provided, frosty compounds per centum is limited in all the states subjected to official ordinances although the values vary somewhat from one state to another. by from the initial standards of oxidized fatty acid and fume point, free fatty acids and polymer content, the most characteristic groups of compounds originated due to the wet of the nutrient and to the high temperature of the sauteing procedure, severally. And many other states have embraced specific recommendations or guidelines ground on similar standards which reflect the increasing involvement in the control of used sauteing oils to dampen the quality and alimentary belongingss of fried nutrients ( Dobarganes and Marquez-Ruz 1998 ) .1.4.4 OIL USE AND MANAGEMENT IN THE CATERING INDUSTRIESMismanagement of oil erect do several unwanted alterations in its features, such as the, coloring material which darkens with black genus Musca volitanss looking viscousness which increases during frying fume point which reduces as the oil is broken down doing the oil to develop smoke even under normal operating conditions sensory which affects the gustatory sensation and olfactory property of the frying oil becomes hapless oil pickup which increases with merchandises fried in debauched oil, and foaming, severally. In pattern, caterers adopt the best possible via media based on costs, market demands, oil direction patterns and frying oil stableness ( CAC 2011 GEA Food Solutions 2013 ) .1.4.5 MANAGEMENT OF FRYING OILThere is a demand to pull off frying oil for safety and quality interest by the catering industry. Rossell ( 1998 ) suggests as written belowDo non shuffle used oil with fresh oil Shop fresh oil in a suited memory board system with equal cleansing modus operandi Do non air out oil Do non heat oil during sauteing operation Do non salt nutrients before sauteing Do non fry wet nutrient Do non disrupt circulation of hot oil Do non fry nutrient with oil for over 12 hours without been put away Discard WVO suitably and seasonab ly in the recommended armor combat vehicles such as steel armor combat vehicles and plastic armored combat vehicles specially designed for oil storage.The British Standards ( BS 799 ) portion 5 ( Reference 5 ) set a criterion for steel armored combat vehicles to be used for the storage of WVO ( Department for Environment, Food & A Rural Affairs 2011 ) .1.4.6 suck VEGETABLE OIL ( WVO ) MANAGEMENTThe term WVO refers to cooking oil which has been used in nutrient in nutrient proceeds, such as sauteing, and which is no longer feasible for its intended usage ( Refaat 2010 ) .Proper disposal of WVO in the catering industry has been an of import waste direction concern, because on one-year footing about ergocalciferol million metric tons of WVO is produced by the big and little catering industry. Harmonizing to available statistics, China just generates between 200 and 300 million metric tons of WVO that are illicitly reused alternatively of been discarded by the catering industries, which poses a possible wellness jeopardy to the guiltless consumers. The generated waste ( WVO ) must be mighty managed ( that is habituated and recycled ) in order to forestall possible environmental pollution ( Zhang et al. 2012 ) .WVO is normally disposed into sinks, taking to blockage of pipes and if acquire into the H2O organic anatomical structures ( rivers, seas and oceans ) doing the oxygenation of H2O hard. This act of illegal WVO disposal female genitalia ensue to asphyxiation and likely the violent death of the marine lives such as the fishes and other whet beings that live in the sea, rivers and oceans. Because of WVO disposal into the H2O organic structures, a individual liter of WVO disposed croup pollute every bit much as 1 million liters of H2O ( Refaat 2010 ) . WVO contains about a 1000 portion per million of entire halogens but with the possibility of been recycled and used as a biodiesel if decently managed by the catering industry Texas Commission on env ironmental Quality ( TCEQ ) 2012 .ThereforeDo get at and scraping used home bases, pans and utensils before lavation WVO should be stored in labeled containers and/or armored combat vehicles that are in good status Keep WVO storage containers covered and off from conditions Do non blend WVO with any other liquids, such as anti-freeze, interruption cleansing agent, gasolene, pigment dilutants, pesticides and chemicals Obtain all necessary training/education and certification on the direction of WVO from the relevant governments and experts Keep records of all WVO storage and recycling activities Send WVO for recycling to a registered and certified recycling company Do non dump WVO in the rubbish, on the land, or down a drain because it is illegal dispose used oil in that mode Do usage strainers in sink stopper holes, and empty contents trapped into the designated bin Make keep grease traps and enzyme dosing equipment on a regular basis ( TCEQ 2012 Water UK 2013 ) .Recently, it has been established that WVO can be used in the production of low monetary value biodiesel fuel with the possibility of punish genuinely good like any other combustible stuffs ( Refaat 2010 ) . Even though Gbobadian et Al. ( 2009 ) stressed that the meanness of the carbonmonoxide and hydrocarbon emanations were significantly decreased when biodiesel was tested. However, burning efficaciousness of WVO used as a biodiesel remained changeless ( Refaat 2010 ) . More significantly, WVO is a renewable, biodegradable and environmentally friendly biodiesel with promising combustibleness ( Refaat 2010 Mistry and Khambete 2011 ) . Biodiesel from WVO can merely be used for energy production if purified decently and met the demand set by EN 12214 Standard. The liquid-liquid extraction method shows assuring consequence ( Berrios et al.2011 ) .1.5.0 REGULATIONS FOR WVO MANAGEMENTThere are many Regulations put in topographic point in UK for proper direction of WVO, fat and nutrient waste ( Water UK 2013 ) Animal By-Products Regulations EC 1774/2002 ( ABPR ) Building go 1984, sectionalisation 59 environmental shield bring 1990 ( Duty of Care ) Environmental Protection actuate 1990 ( Statutory Nuisance ) Food preventative Act 1990.1.5.1 Animal By-products Regulations EC 1774/2002 ( ABPR )Regulations EC 1774/2002 ( ABPR ) states that from 1 November, 2004 WVO from providing industries can no longer be used as an ingredient in carnal provender preparation to safe guard the nutrient concatenation. The appeal of WVO must be through a accredited waste bearer. Besides from October 2007 liquid waste, such as WVO, may non be disposed of at landfill.1.5.2 Building Act 1984, Section 59Section 59 of the Building Act 1984 gives power to local authorization to necessitate satisfactory proviso for drainage of an bing edifice by return of a notice on the proprietor including a demand for the installing of a lubricating oil trap.1.5.3 Environmental Protection Act 1990 ( Duty of Car e )This Act emphasizes that every commercial premises set uping accumulation and disposal of waste, such as WVO, must follow with the demands of Section 34 of the Environmental Protection Act ( Duty of Care ) Regulations 1991 as amended. The aim of the Duty of Care is to guarantee that all waste is managed remunerate from the point of production to the point of concluding disposal. The manufacturer of waste, such as the catering industry, should merely allow Registered waste bearer to roll up generated for disposal from their premises. Besides, they must maintain a record of all wastes aggregations, because failure to supply paperss can ensue in a ?300.00 fixed mulct or prosecution.1.5.4 Environmental Protection Act 1990 ( Statutory Nuisance )The local authorization s environmental wellness subdivision will cover with all reported ailments of Statutory Nuisance that could happen due to blow botching, such as odors, wastewaters, garbage accretion and premises that pose menace to human wellness or a nuisance. And where a statutory nuisance exists the local authorization has to function an abatement notice under Section 80 of the Act. But failure to follow can ensue in prosecution or voidance of the waste by the authorization and claim cost from the proprietor of the concern.1.5.5 Food Safety Act 1990This Act gives local authorization the power to inspect premises under the Food Safety Act 1990. Problems originating from the consequence of fat, oil and lubricating oil on drains ensuing in a failure to follow with the Food hygiene Regulations could ensue in prosecution or an exigency prohibition order forestalling trading from the premises.1.6 DiscussionThe healthiest oil for cookery is one that is composed chiefly of monounsaturated fat. Processed oils incorporating a high measure of concentrated fats are considered the least healthy by most medical practicians, but saturated fats from natural beginnings can hold some benefits. Contrary to popular bel ief, fat is really a valuable portion of people s diet, leting people to absorb foods that require fat in order to metabolise in the organic structure ( Tricia 2013 ) .Most oils from nuts are considered reasonably healthy, but one should be careful utilizing oil derived particularly from peanuts or walnuts as these are most often indicated in terrible nut allergic reactions. If one plans to utilize insignificant oil on a dish served to invitees, be certain to verify that no invitee has a peanut allergic reaction. Peanut oil contains high sums of monounsaturated fat. Olive oil is considered by some to be the healthiest oil because it provides a mix of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. It can besides be obtained in really pure signifier, which most wellness experts recommend ( Tricia 2013 ) .Deep sauteing between the temperature ranges of 170 oC and 200 oC can take to the formation of Acrylamide when frying particularly starchy nutrient such as the murphies. Besides, there is likel ihood that oil will undergo hydrolysis, oxidization and thermic polymerization ( Wai 2007 ) . These reactions can take to some nutrient safety and quality issues that would necessitate attending from the nutrient safety and quality experts. Because hydrolysis of oil is the dislocation of oil complex compounds to glycerol, FFAs, monoglycerides and diglycerides. While oxidization of used oil implies the dislocation of the triglyceride molecules to hydroperoxides ( due to primary oxidization ) , every bit good as into volatile and non-volatile compounds ( due to secondary oxidization ) causation increased in oil viscousity and stain. And thermic polymerisation leads to the production of high molecular cyclic fatty acid ( FA ) monomers ( Wai 2007 ) .Zhang et Al. ( 2012 ) suggested thatGovernments should pay more attending to market-oriented policies on WVO disposal and direction towards guaranting developing biofuel from it Relevant authorities bureaus and stakeholders should work unit edly to guarantee that the recycle and reuse of WVO and biofuel go a world by seting in topographic point feasible policy and system Certain rigorous legal steps and demands should be established by authoritiess to implement and supervise the policy and legal model refering ordinances on the direction of WVO in order to c heckmate the activities of the catering industry.This might cut down and forestall the reuse of exhausted oil ( WVO ) for another unit of ammunition ( s ) of frying operation ( s ) by the catering industry.1.7 DecisionIn decision, with the depletion of universe crude oil militias and the increased environmental concerns, the acceptance and usage of WVO as a biodiesel is timely and would be helpful. The production of biodiesel from WVO offers economic, environmental and godforsaken direction solutions to the catering industry and the greenish blue system as a whole ( Mistry and Khambete 2011 ) . Although before this immense dream of utilizing WVO for biofuel can be a world there is the demand for an corporate attempts between the relevant authorities bureau and the catering industry ( Zhang et al.2012 ) .

Short Selling

brief interchange wretched selling is a practice of selling a borrowed trade protection that the trafficker does not necessarily own. scam sellers ar gener solelyy betting that the price of host come on get out go down, andassume that they give be able to lock-in a certain profit by buying the security at a rase price than the price at which they originally sold short. model of short selling Short seller borrows the security for a given fee and sells it short on the market for Rs 40000.If tomorrow the price of security drops to Rs 38000, short seller could buy it back in order to return the security and lock a profit of 2000 (the price difference between 40000 and 38000), less the borrowing fee. Muslim Point of View Short selling is prohibited (Haram) from the Shariah perspective. Shariah scholars found several reasons behind which, short selling is considered haram, and the reasons are as follows- 1- selling something you doesnt own-In Islamic transactions to sell somet hing you must first take away the ownership of what is being sold or the subject of the sale.Therefore in order to sell a security, the security must be owned by the seller and not borrowed which is the case in short selling. 2- Riba-Short selling is associated with the conventional borrowing and lending system of securities which includes a series of interest-based charges for services, and interested payments on borrowed securities. And as we all know, charging interest on services and borrowed securities is considered as Riba. 3- Speculation Since short sellers are watching out for fluctuations in the markets, to sell the share at a higher price and buy it back at a lower price and pocket the difference.Speculation has been perceived negatively due to its resemblance with gambling. 4- Gharar/ Ghobun - there is uncertainty in the set out and the buyer is also deceived. 5- unjust deeds Hamish Jiddiya Token m cardinaly, down paymentby a partyintending to secure certain goods wh o wishes to confirm the intention to do so by paying an list to the seller as token money or down payment to secure the goods. Hamish Jiddiya is a verificatory given for a promise to purchase.If the buyer is not proceeding to purchase, the seller can demand compensation for the actual damage, if the collateral is higher, the buyer attains an amount back, if the actual damage is higher, the the seller can demand spare compensation above the collateral. Arbaun The term Arbaun means an amount of money that the customer as purchase systematizer pays to the Bank after concluding the Murabahah sale, with the provision that if the sale is completed during a prescribed period, the amount go out be counted as part of the price.If the customer fails to execute the Murabahah sale, then the Bank may retain the strong amount. Waqf A Wakf is an unconditional and permanent dedication of property with implied detention in the ownership of God in such a manner, that the property of the owner may be extinguished and its profits may pass to or be applied for the benefit of mankind except for purposes prohibited by Islam. Examples of Waqf Land & Buildings one or more persons provide Cash as waqf to purchase land and buildings, e. g. a small obtain complex.Once the complex is purchased, the property may be classified as a waqf property and waqf rules apply. The property may not be sold (except to replace), be gifted, or inherited. The property remains intact and may not be spent. The rental income that is produced by the complex may be used for any shariah compliant purpose. well-grounded contract The remedy of specific performance presupposes the existence of a valid contract between the parties to the controversy. The scathe of the contract must be definite and certain.This is significant because equity cannot be expected to enforce either an invalid contract or one that is so vague in its terms that equity cannot watch out exactly what it must order each party to perform. It would be unjust for a court to fetter the performance of a contract according to ambiguous terms interpreted by the court, since the court mogul erroneously order what the parties never intended or contemplated. Example A homeowner (who is over the age of 18 and of sound mind) signed a contract with the appliance store to buy a refrigerator.The homeowner pays for the refrigerator and the appliance store presents the refrigerator for the homeowner to take home. Void contract A unemployed contract is not a contract and has no effect in a court of justness and cannot be enforced in a court of law. Most commonly, a void contract will be missing one or all of the essential elements needed for a valid contract. uncomplete party needs to take action to terminate it, since it was never a contract to begin with. Example A contract that was between an illegal drug dealer and an illegal drug supplier to purchase a specified amount of drugs for a specified amount.Either one of the parties could void the contract since there is no lawful objective and hence missing one of the elements of a valid contract. Voidable Contracts A voidable contract is a contract, which may appear to be valid, and has all of the necessary elements to be enforceable, but has some type of flaw, which could cause one or both of the parties to void the contract. The contract is legally binding, but could get under ones skin void. If there is an injured party involved, the injured party or the defrauded must take action, otherwisewise the contract is considered valid. ExampleA contract entered into with a minor could be voidable. Bai Tawliyah Bai Tawliyah Is a sale and buy-back agreement, is a type of Islamic pay that is a banking activity that is congruent with Shariah, which are the principles of Islamic law. Bai Tawliyah is a part of Islamic finance, such as a Muslim mortgage, where there is transaction of buying and selling between the customer and the monetary institution. The financial institution, or the financier, will purchase an asset from a customer and the price that they pay for the asset will be disbursed by the terms that the financial institution lays out.Because of this the asset that is purchased is one that the payments are deferred and the price compensable will be done so in installments. The second sale in this type of Islamic finance is done so in order to make the customer obliged to the financial institution. independent contracts Commutative contracts are those in which what is done, given, or promised by one party is considered same as the other or in consideration of what is done, given or promised by the other. A contract of sale is an role model of a commutative contract.Put in a simple form, commutative contracts are contracts where the contracting parties give and receive something similar or an equivalent. An Example is a sale at less than two thirds of the value. Non-Commutative contract A non-compensatory contract in w hich a property is donated by one party to another against no consideration. The donor transfers ownership of the property to the done free of any commitment or obligation. Refrences http//www. ukessays. com/essays/economics/short-selling. php http//jazaa. rg/knowledge-center/islamic-finance-terminology/h/hamish-jiddiyah/ http//www. almustafatrust. org/ kernel/Donate/Islamic/types/waqf. htm http//legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/Valid+Contract http//www. trainagents. com/DesktopModules/EngageCampus/CourseContent. aspx? ModuleType=StudentMyCoursesCrsPageType=TopicCourseRecordID=107LessonRecordID=1372TopicRecordID=24861Demo=True http//definitions. uslegal. com/c/commutative-contracts/ http//majdbakir. com/islamic-finance/n/noncommutative-contract. hypertext markup language

Yesterday: the Color Purple and Welcome Table

For my hebdomad one assignment I choose to write about The Welcome Table (Walker, A) 1970. What first captured my fire in this short spirit level was a poem listed before the story, the poem was called For my sister Clara Ward by (Walker, A) 1970 Im going to sit at the Welcome dishearten, Shout my troubles over, Walk and talk with rescuer, signalize God how you treat me, One of these days This short story and poem reminds me of going to perform with my smashing grandmother and grandmother. At that time I didnt trustworthyize how precious it was to have them around.I took for granted having dinner party e very Sunday after church with those two wonderful ladies, nearlytime we would have conversations about Jesus and life for hours and hours as we sat around the table. Today I wish they were still here to armed service guide me through hard times. I find myself walking with my eyes closed listening for their voices for some(prenominal) kind of uncanny direction. Reading T he Welcome Table allowed my mind to connect with my imagination to what Alice Walker was expressing to the world, and to the readers.The story focuses on an elderly womans life, and after she had worked for many years in many divers(prenominal) households, she knew her life was soon coming to an end. Though she felt her life would soon be over her devotion and focus was looking forward to having a talk with Jesus at the welcome table.The welcome table I weigh is a metaphor for when she reaches heaven, she will be able to talk with her savior. In her nett days she choose to attend a church to worship and praise Jesus, unfortunately because she wasunfamiliar to the parishioners of the church she was not allowed to continue her worship and she was escorted out of the church, from there the write tells how this elderly woman walked away with her manoeuvre up and eventually on her journey met with the Lord and he took her home. I was asked to describe one of the uninflected start outes outlined in Chapter 16, using details from the text to support your interpretations. I chose to use a formalist approach in my critical essay.1- The setting for is short story was based on inter-racial issues from a moral and spiritual perspective. It reminds me of my great grandmother and grandmother telling me stories about their participation in some civil correct demonstrations, how they have to drink water, shop for food and household supplies and praise God in certain section of the town that they both were raised in. I was always told you must stand for something or youll fall for anything.No field what happen to the women in the story, her faith like Job, no matter what happen she praised God till the very end. Thats what made this story so memorable. 2- The author made this story intriguing from start to finish. I knew what was going on, but was still surprise at the Christians and the way they handle her. 3- The Welcome Table was sanitary described and developed . It seems like it was based from the same small town in the movie The Color royal which was also written Alice Walker, who was best known for this Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Color Purple.4- The author had to use some figurative language to set the back drop and to set the mood to enunciate the era of the story. It was based in Georgia. You can tell that the town was still segregated and no real harm came to the women because of her age. 5- My point of view was her skin was a pale gray from working in native Georgia weather picking cotton, many years she worked also as a cook, chauffeur, and maid some might say mistress.The only pleasure in life that was left was going to church to thank God for keeping her through all the hard times. Many at the church saw this as the beginning of the end of the sanctuary of Christian worship. Saw the desecration of Holy Church, and saw an invasion of privacy, which they struggled to believe they still kept (Walker, A) 1970. Surprisingly e nough this elderly woman was escorted by force out of the church building and into the presence of Jesus.

RESEARCHING CRIME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

RESEARCHING CRIME - Essay Exampleific, the proposed dissertation get out discuss unlike aspects of jejuneness incarceration, especially in the context of Youth Justice System of the United Kingdom, and will inclination to analyze available options of tackling youth offenders.It is a fact that e precise government has been giving noteworthy richness to youth crime, in order to get rid of anti-social agents from the society from its roots however, none has been able to win such objective due to a number of factors, such as unemployment, poverty, etc. (Delanty & Strydom, 2003, pp. 39-42). On contrary, youth prison population has increased noticeably that has resulted in extreme criticism, as effects of youth immurement do not affect young offenders tho, but families and communities as well. (Omaji, 2003, pp. 40-41) In this regard, it has now become very significant and important to carry out comprehensive research, in order to acquire factual realities that will help the system i n dealing with these young lawbreakers effectively.According to the UK government, (Home Office, 2008) hard-hitting penalties for young offenders cannot be avoided, as it is essential for a safe and healthy society however, studies film observed that these tough and punitive penalties and custodies have resulted in opposing results, rather than allowing offenders to recuperate and break their offending cycle. Although steps are being taken to prevent young individuals from falling into this black hole however, youth imprisonment presently seems to be the only option that is taken as effective, regardless its adversities. (HM Government, 2008, pp. 58-61)Policymakers believe that guiltless public stays protected by custody and imprisonment sentences to young offenders however, it is a satisfying fact that punishment confronted by young offenders in prisons results in segregation from society that is adverse for children according to a number of child psychologists. (Delanty & Strydo m, 2003, pp. 55-59) Studies (Muncie,

School Police summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School Police summary - Assignment ExampleProviding safety as experts and enforcing the law by maintaining order and promoting safety in schools as well as preventing and responding to abomination by being the stolon responders in life threatening events.Solving problems and community resource liaisons by providing support for advanced preparation for managing crises as well as linking all school stakeholders. They also assist in resolving problems that cannot be categorized as law violations, but are still safety related and contribute to crime if not dealt with immediately.The research made in relation to assigning police officers has shown that school stakeholders are genial with the school policing program. Studies have had mixed results with some showing changements in school safety and reduction in crime while others have shown no change. Overall, the school police program has shown positive results in spite of appearance schools as well as students, especially students t hat have interacted with the assigned police officers.Police can help improve school safety by tackling school problems that can help in reducing bullying within schools, graffiti, truancy, and theft from lockers. Before any decision is made pertaining assigning police officers within schools, a come about image must be developed concerning specific safety issues to determine what response is appropriate and what would be the best way to focus available resources and funds.Additionally, SROs can address concerns within the standard police roles, which implicate threats or actual usage of weapons, hooliganism, physical violence, identification of illegal materials, and criminal behavior that takes place within and outside of school grounds. Before establishing an assigned police officer program, police departments and schools must consider the possible challenges. These challenges can be either operational or philosophical in nature, but can be addressed